• Different types of environmentally induced antinociception h

  2020-11-11

  

  Different types of environmentally induced antinociception have been reported in a wide range of species (e.g., Behbehani, 1995, Bolles and Fanselow, 1980, Harris, 1996, Millan, 2002, Rodgers, 1995). According to Bolles and Fanselow (1980), fear and pain are independent and competing motivational sy

• citco Sixty eight male Sprague Dawley rats

  2020-11-11

  

  Sixty-eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were acquired from the University of South Dakota Laboratory Animal Services (Vermillion, SD, USA) and housed in pairs at 22°C (60% relative humidity) on reverse 12h light/dark citco (dark cycle started at 10:00a.m.) with food and water freely accessible. The pro

• br Introduction The offspring of rodents emit

  2020-11-11

  

  Introduction The offspring of rodents emit vocalizations when isolated from their dam. The majority of vocalizations by rat pups are in the ultrasonic band frequency of 30–50 kHz (Insel et al., 1986). Maternal separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations are believed to represent distress signals

• These contrasting results observed with intra BNST

  2020-11-11

  

  These contrasting results observed with intra-BNST combined injections of NOC-9 and CP 376395 on freezing (in the novel arena) versus anxiety-related behavior (in the EPM) suggest that CRF neurotransmission within this forebrain limbic site could be mainly involved in the modulation of more subtle a

• Furthermore many intermediate plants did not

  2020-11-11

  

  Furthermore, many intermediate plants did not show additive combinations of parental allozymes, which would be expected in F1 hybrids. The absence of some characteristic parental bands suggests that sexual reproduction has occurred among the hybrid plants. Genetic variations within and among the int

• We have previously reported that

  2020-11-11

  

  We have previously reported that CK2 is downregulated in senescent human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells, aged rat tissues, and aging nematodes [17,18]. CK2 downregulation induces cellular senescence via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-reactive oxygen species-p53-p21Cip1/WAF1 pathway in human cells [[19], [20], [21]

• br Genomic actions in the

  2020-11-11

  

  Genomic actions in the breast Conclusion Clinical studies suggest that progesterone and/or progestins may play a decisive role in the development of breast cancer in women using hormone therapy or oral contraceptives [3], [4]. However, this data are controversial to most experimental investiga

• pkm2 The interaction of EPAC with Rim has an important

  2020-11-10

  

  The interaction of EPAC2 with Rim1 has an important role in regulating neurotransmitter release. In addition, a recent EPAC2 knockout mice model study provides evidence that EPAC2 promotes transmitter release by maintaining the readily releasable pool (RRP) at mossy fiber (MF) synapses in the hippo

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2020-11-10

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion and conclusion The cardiac hypertrophy model can be established by two methods: drug induction and operation. The drug induction method is simple, while the operation method is closer to the real development of the disease. In this experiment, accord

• br Acknowledgement We acknowledge for funding support

  2020-11-10

  

  Acknowledgement We acknowledge for funding support from Maryada Foundation, a DoD/Army Contract No. W911NF-06-1-0095, and National Institutes of Health through the New England Center of Excellence for Biodefense (Grant AI057159-01). Introduction The Gram-negative bacterium Lysobacter sp. XL1

• br Results br Discussion Mucosal barriers

  2020-11-10

  

  Results Discussion Mucosal barriers are constitutively challenged by various stimuli, and the homeostasis of mucosal barriers both at steady state and upon challenge are maintained by tissue-resident immune Phentolamine Mesylate (Kurashima et al., 2013, Okumura and Takeda, 2016). ILC3s are fou

• Polymorphism of the CD gene also affected the progression

  2020-11-10

  

  Polymorphism of the CD226 gene also affected the progression rate without any significant effect on autoantibody formation. This gene has been reported to be a common genetic factor in multiple autoimmune diseases such as SLE, systemic sclerosis and type 1 diabetes [43]. CD226 is an immunoglobulin s

• br Oxysterols as Key Players in Metabolic Syndrome

  2020-11-10

  

  Oxysterols as Key Players in Metabolic Syndrome? Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are on the rise and pose serious threats to people's health and wellbeing. Obesity is often associated with other pathologies and is one of the criteria included in the definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (see Gl

• Each of these substrate receptors

  2020-11-10

  

  Each of these substrate receptors belongs to a multigene family with tens, if not hundreds of members in plants, and with in part overlapping and in part differential substrate specificities [4]. The complexity of the system is nicely illustrated by the F-box protein and auxin receptor TRANSPORT INH

• The question arises as to how

  2020-11-10

  

  The question arises as to how the massive conformational changes determining whether APC/CCDC20–MCC is inhibited or able to catalyze MCC ubiquitylation are naturally controlled? This transition likely involves APC/C regions near the subunit APC15, because reducing cellular APC15 levels stabilizes MC

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